Association of different stages of histological chorioamnionitis with respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants with a gestational age of < 32 weeks / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association of different stages of histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) with the incidence rate and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants.@*METHODS@#Related data were collected from the infants and their mothers who were treated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, from January 2018 to June 2020. According to the presence or absence of HCA and its stage, the infants were divided into four groups: control (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control and late-stage HCA groups, the early-stage HCA group had a significantly lower incidence rate of placental abruption and a significantly higher rate of prenatal use of antibiotics (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early-, middle-, and late-stage HCA can reduce the incidence rate of RDS in preterm infants. HCA stage may not be correlated with RDS severity in preterm infants, which needs to be verified by further research.

Riesgo de daño cerebral en prematuros menores de 34 semanas expuestos a corioamnionitis histológica, Lima, Perú / Risk of brain damage in premature infants under 34 weeks of gestational age exposed to histological chorioamnionitis Lima, Peru

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar el riesgo de daño cerebral en prematuros menores de 34 semanas expuestos a corioamnionitis histológica (CAH). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia, durante el 2015. Fueron incluidos prematuros menores de 34 semanas que tuvieran examen histopatológico de la placenta. Los tipos de CAH evaluados fueron subcorionitis, corionitis, corioamnionitis, con o sin funisitis. El daño cerebral se evaluó en tres periodos de edad, entre 0 y 7 días, entre 7 y 30 días y a las 40 semanas gestacionales corregidas. Se realizó un seguimiento neurológico y controles con ecografía cerebral. Resultados: Se estudiaron 85 prematuros, 47,1% eran mujeres y la media de la edad gestacional fue de 30,9 semanas. El 42% (36/85) nacieron expuestos a CAH. La ruptura prematura de membrana fue la principal generatriz de sepsis, y la sepsis se relacionó con daño neurológico. La CAH estuvo asociada con hemorragia intraventricular (HIV) durante la primera semana y con lesiones de la sustancia blanca entre los 7 y 30 días de edad (p = 0,035). El tipo corioamnionitis de CAH se asoció al daño neurológico durante la primera semana (RR = 2,11; IC 95%: 1,09-4,11) y entre los 7 y 30 días de vida (RR = 2,72; IC 95%: 1,07-6,88). Conclusiones: La corioamnionitis fue un factor de riesgo para desarrollar lesiones cerebrales en prematuros menores de 34 semanas, para HIV durante los primeros 7 días y lesiones de sustancia blanca entre los 7 y los 30 días de edad. A las 40 semanas de edad corregida, los prematuros extremos con CAH tuvieron lesiones cerebrales más extensas.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the risk of brain damage in premature infants under 34 weeks of gestational age exposed to histological chorioamnionitis (HCA). Materials and methods: A cohort study was conducted at the Hospital Cayetano Heredia, during 2015. Premature infants under 34 weeks of gestational age, who had histopathological examination of the placenta, were included. The types of HCA evaluated were sub-chorionitis, chorionitis, chorioamnionitis, with or without funisitis. Brain damage was evaluated in three age periods, between 0 and 7 days, between 7 and 30 days and at 40 weeks of corrected gestational age. A neurological follow-up and regular controls were performed with brain ultrasound. Results: A total of 85 premature infants were included, 47.1% were women and the mean gestational age was 30.9 weeks. From the total, 42% (36/85) were born exposed to HCA. Premature rupture of membranes was the main cause of sepsis, which was related to neurological damage. HCA was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) during the first week and with white matter lesions between 7 and 30 days of age (p = 0.035). The chorioamnionitis type of HCA was associated with neurological damage during the first week (RR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.09-4.11) and between 7 and 30 days of age (RR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.07-6.88). Conclusions: Chorioamnionitis was a risk factor for developing brain injuries in premature infants under 34 weeks of gestational age. It was also a risk factor for HIV during the first 7 days and for white matter injuries between 7 and 30 days of age. At 40 weeks of corrected gestational age, extreme premature infants with HCA had more extensive brain damage.

Complicaciones neonatales asociadas al diagnóstico de corioamnionitis histológica en pacientes con parto pretérmino espontáneo en un hospital de alta complejidad en Colombia / Neonatal complications associated with the diagnosis of histological chorioamnionitis in patients with spontaneous preterm delivery in a highly complexity hospital in Colombia

INTRODUCCIÓN: La corioamnionitis histológica (CH) es causa importante de parto pretérmino y se asocia a resultados neonatales adversos, con secuelas del neurodesarrollo. Ocurre en alrededor de un 20% de embarazos a término y 60% de pretérmino. Este proceso está asociado a varias complicaciones neonatales, entre las más frecuentes: sepsis neonatal temprana, menor edad gestacional y mayor estancia hospitalaria. OBJETIVO: Establecer la asociación de complicaciones neonatales con el diagnóstico de CH en pacientes con parto pretérmino espontáneo en un hospital de alta complejidad. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, se incluyeron 160 pacientes con parto pretérmino espontáneo con estudio histopatológico de la placenta según protocolo institucional. Se recolectan las características basales de la gestante y complicaciones neonatales. Se calcula la prevalencia de CH, y se comparan dos grupos (con y sin) la asociación de complicaciones neonatales, distribuidas por edad gestacional y peso neonatal. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de CH es de 69% (IC95%: 61-76). Al distribuir por edad gestacional se reporta: 87% en 34 (IC 95%: 45 -67). La CH entre las 28 - 34 y > 34 semanas, se asocia a mayor sepsis neonatal temprana (p 2000 g se asocia con sepsis neonatal (p<0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de CH es alta, principalmente a menor edad gestacional, se asocia a complicaciones neonatales como la sepsis neonatal temprana.

INTRODUCTION: Histological chorioamnionitis (HC) is an important cause of preterm delivery and is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, with sequelae of neurodevelopment. It occurs in about 20% of full-term and 60% preterm pregnancies. This process is associated with several neonatal complications, among the most frequent: early neonatal sepsis, younger gestational age, and longer hospital stay. OBJECTIVE: To establish the association of neonatal complications with HC diagnosis in patients with spontaneous preterm delivery in a highly complexity hospital in Colombia. RESULTS: The prevalence of HC is 69% (95% CI: 61-76). When distributed by gestational age, it is reported: 87% in 34 (95% CI: 45-67). HC between 28 - 34 and > 34 weeks, is associated with higher early neonatal sepsis (p 2000 g is associated with early neonatal sepsis (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HC is high, mainly at a lower gestational age, it is associated with neonatal complications such as early neonatal sepsis.

The role of maternal infection in preterm birth: evidence from the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP)

OBJECTIVES: Evidence suggests that infection or inflammation is a major contributor to early spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the development and causes of maternal infection associated with maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with sPTB. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study with a nested case-control component, the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP), conducted from April 2011 to July 2012 in 20 Brazilian referral obstetric hospitals. Women with preterm birth (PTB) and their neonates were enrolled. In this analysis, 2,682 women undergoing spontaneous preterm labor and premature pre-labor rupture of membranes were included. Two groups were identified based on self-reports or prenatal or hospital records: women with at least one infection factor and women without any maternal infection (vulvovaginitis, urinary tract infection, or dental infection). A bivariate analysis was performed to identify potential individual risk factors for PTB. The odds ratios (ORs) with their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: The majority of women with sPTB fulfilled at least one criterion for the identification of maternal infection (65.9%), and more than half reported having urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Approximately 9.6% of women with PTB and maternal infection were classified as having periodontal infection only. Apart from the presence of a partner, which was more common among women with infectious diseases (p=0.026; OR, 1.28 [1.03-1.59]), other variables did not show any significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION: Maternal infection was highly prevalent in all cases of sPTBs, although it was not clearly associated with the type of PTB, gestational age, or any adverse neonatal outcomes.

Epidemiological profile of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes at a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To perform a descriptive analysis of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) cases attended in a tertiary hospital. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of medical records and laboratory tests of patients admitted to a Brazilian tertiary hospital between 2006 and 2011, with a confirmed diagnosis of PPROM and gestational age (GA) at delivery <37 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 299 pregnant women were included in the study. Nine patients evolved to abortion, and 290 pregnant women remained for the final analysis. There was initial diagnostic doubt in 17.6% of the cases. The oligohydramnios rate [amniotic fluid index (AFI) <5] was 27.9% on admission. Chorioamnionitis was initially diagnosed in 10.8% of the patients and was retrospectively confirmed in 22.9% of the samples. The latency period had a mean of 9.1 days. The main reasons for interruption were premature labor (55.2%), GA ≥36 weeks (27.2%), and fetal distress (6.9%). The delivery method was cesarean section in 55% of cases. The mean birth weight was 2,124 grams, and 67% of the neonates had a low birth weight (<2500 g). The GA at delivery averaged 33.5 weeks. The stillbirth rate was 5.3%, and the early neonatal mortality rate was 5.6%. There were complications at delivery in 18% of mothers. CONCLUSION: In one of the few Brazilian reports on the epidemiological profile of PPROM, with GA until 37 weeks and intercurrences generally excluded from assessments (such as twinning and fetal malformations), there is a favorable evolution, with an acceptable rate of complications.

Mantención de cerclaje luego de rotura prematura pretérmino de membranas antes de las 34 semanas se asocia a un aumento de corioamnionitis materna y mortalidad neonatal por sepsis / Retained cerclage after preterm premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks is associated with increased maternal chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis mortality

El cerclaje es un factor de riesgo de rotura prematura pretérmino de membranas (RPPM). La RPPM ocurre en aproximadamente un 38-65 por ciento de los embarazos con cerclaje y no existe consenso aún sobre cuál es el manejo más adecuado: retirar o mantener el cerclaje. En esta revisión presentamos la evidencia disponible en relación al retiro versus mantención del cerclaje y su directa influencia sobre el resultado materno-perinatal, con el objetivo de proponer una pauta de manejo. La mantención del cerclaje se asoció a un aumento de la latencia al parto mayor a 48 horas, a un aumento en la incidencia de corioamnionitis clínica, y aumento en la incidencia de mortalidad neonatal por sepsis. Conclusión: en pacientes embarazadas con cerclaje que presentan RPPM antes de las 34 semanas proponemos como la conducta más adecuada la mantención del cerclaje sólo hasta completar la inducción de madurez pulmonar con corticoides, luego retirar el cerclaje y proceder al manejo habitual de un embarazo con RPPM antes de las 34 semanas.

Cervical cerclage is a risk factor for preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). PPROM occurs in about 38-65 percent of pregnancies with cerclage. There is no consensus on whether to remove or retain the cerclage after PPROM. Here we review the evidence about clinical management of PPROM in women with cerclage and its influence on maternal and neonatal outcome. Retained cerclage was found to be associated to a prolongation of pregnancy by more than 48 hours, to a higher incidence of maternal chorioamnionitis and to a higher incidence of neonatal mortality from sepsis. In pregnancies with cerclage complicated with PPROM before 34 weeks we propose to retain the cerclage just enough time to complete fetal lung maturation with corticosteroid therapy, then remove the cerclage and manage pregnancy as any PPROM before 34 weeks.

Corioamnionitis: repercusión perinatal / Chorioamnionitis: perinatal impact

Determinar en las gestantes complicadas con corioamnionitis las características, factores maternos y las repercusiones maternas y perinatales. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, epidemiológico y analítico. Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara", Universidad de Carabobo, Puerto Cabello, Estado Carabobo. En las 44 pacientes las características maternas que predominaron fueron: residentes en barrios (45,45 por ciento), solteras y concubinas (77,27 por ciento), edad materna 20-24 años (40,91 por ciento) y antecedente personal hipertensión (20,45 por ciento). El diagnóstico de ingreso destacó la rotura prematura de membranas 50 por ciento e infección uro-vaginal 13,6 por ciento; eran multigestas 50,0 por ciento, y en 52,28 por ciento la edad del embarazo fue de 36 semanas y menos, en 84,08 por ciento hubo conducción-inducción del trabajo de parto, terminaron en cesárea 45,45 por ciento. Factores de riesgo: múltiples tactos (4 y más) 40,9 por ciento y tiempo entre rotura de membranas e inicio de trabajo de parto mayor de 12 horas 18,44 por ciento. El diagnóstico se hizo por la clínica y laboratorio; tratadas con antibióticos en su totalidad, acompañadas por oxitócicos 68,18 por ciento. Recién nacidos de sexo femeninos 48,84 por ciento, peso entre 3 000- 3 499 g 31,31 por ciento y tallas 45-49 cm 28,89 por ciento; índice Apgar 6 o menos 28,94 por ciento. La morbilidad perinatal neonatal fue 39,47 por ciento, especialmente por sepsis y patología respiratoria; la morbilidad materna 56,81 por ciento, por sepsis y anemia; la perinatal global 28,88 por ciento, la fetal 15,55 por ciento y la neonatal 13,13 por ciento. La corioamninitis se relacionó con múltiples tactos intraparto, el tiempo de rotura prematura de membranas al inicio del parto y las infecciones uro-vaginales; sus repercusiones revelaron elevadas cifras de morbimortalidad materna. Toda señala a implemantar programas preventivos y mejorar la atención materno-neonatal

To study the pregnant women complicated with chorioamnionitis, knowing its impact, identify characteristics and factors related maternal and establish maternal and perinatal impact. Observational, descriptive, retrospective, epidemiological and analytical study of 44 pregnant women complicated with chorioamnionitis, which occurred during the period 2005-2009. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara ", Universidad de Carabobo, Puerto Cabello, Estado Carabobo. Maternal characteristics were predominant in patients living in urban region (45.45 percent), single and concubines (77.27 percent), maternal age between 20-24 years (40.91 percent) and personal history hypertension (20.45 percent). In obstetrical situation, first admission diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes 50 percent and infection urology and vaginal 13.6 percent, were multiparous 50 percent, with 52.28 percent of gestational age 36 weeks and less, in 84.08 percent were induction-conduction of labor, ending 45.45 percent cesarean. Outstanding risk factors, vaginal digital exam (4 and more) 40.9 percent, exam gynecology and time between rupture of membranes at the onset of labor more than 12 hours 18.44 percent, diagnosis was mainly clinical and laboratory, were treated with antibiotics in its entirety accompanied by oxytocic 68.18 percent. The neonates were 48.84 percent female, weighing between 3 000 and 3 499 g, 31.31 percent and 28.89 percent height 45-49 cm, Apgar Index 6 or less 28.94 percent. Neonatal perinatal morbidity was 39.47 percent, represented especially by sepsis and respiratory disease, maternal morbidity 56.81 percent, given by sepsis and anemia in various forms, the overall perinatal mortality 28.88 percent, fetal mortality 15.55 percent, neonatal mortality 13.13 percent, was decisive sepsis and prematurity in all these deaths. The chorioamnionitis related to exam gynecology, premature rupture of membranes at the start time delivery..

Corioamnionitis histológica y morbimortalidad neonatal: aproximación al síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria fetal / Chorioamnionitis neonatal morbidity: approach to fetal inflammatory response syndrome

Antecedentes: El síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria fetal (SRIF) es una entidad relacionada con la presencia de inflamación intrauterina y suele asociarse a infección intraamniótica. Su consecuencia más grave es la lesión cerebral y posterior desarrollo de parálisis cerebral. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria fetal y el desarrollo de complicaciones neonatales. Método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, realizado en el Hospital Universitario La Paz de Madrid, buscando una aproximación al SRIF desde la corioamnionitis histológica/funiculitis. El grupo de estudio constituido por 35 gestaciones simples pretérmino recogidas durante el primer semestre de 2008 y en las que la anatomía patológica de la placenta y anexos ovulares demostró la presencia de una corioamnionitis histológica y/o funiculitis. Resultados: Siete casos (20 por ciento) presentaban clínica sospechosa de infección intraamniótica, si bien en 28 gestantes (80 por ciento) existían factores de riesgo asociados al síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria fetal. Mortalidad perinatal en el grupo estudiado fue de 11,4 por ciento (4 casos). Sólo en 2 pacientes (5,7 por ciento) se pudo relacionar la muerte con el SRIF. En 28 recién nacidos (80 por ciento) se encontró algún tipo de patología, siendo la misma inherente a dicho síndrome en 17 casos (48,6 por ciento), destacando sepsis neonatal (40 por ciento), leucomalacia periventricular (14,3 por ciento) y displasia broncopulmonar (5,7 por ciento). Conclusión: Se comprueba el alto riesgo neonatal del SRIF. El conocimiento de esta condición, abre una serie de controversias diagnósticas y terapéuticas que obliga a una reevaluación de los protocolos actuales de manejo de la amenaza de parto pretérmino y la rotura prematura de membranas de pretérmino.

Background: The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is an entity related to intrauterine inflammation which is commonly associated with intraamniotic infection. The most serious consequence is the neurologic damage and the subsequent development of cerebral palsy. Aims: To evaluate the relationship between the fetal inflammatory response syndrome and the development of neonatal complications. Method: Descriptive and retrospective study realized in "La Paz" University Hospital of Madrid, looking for an approximation to the FIRS from histologic chorioamnionitis/funisitis. Group of study constituted by 35 single preterm gestations collected during the first semester of 2008 and in which the pathologic anatomy study of the placenta and annexes showed the presence of histological corioamnionitis and / or funisitis. Results: Suspicious clinic was found in 7 cases (20 percent) but in 28 cases (80 percent) risk factors associated to FIRS were present. Perinatal mortality found was 11.4 percent (4 cases). Only in 2 cases (5.7 percent) the cause was relationated with FIRS. Pathology associated was found in 28 newborn (80 percent), being 17 cases (48.6 percent) pathology associated with the fetal inflammatory response syndrome, enhancing neonatal sepsis (40 percent), periventricular leukomalacia (14.3 percent), and bronchopulmonar dysplasia (5.7 percent). Conclusion: It is verified that FIRS enteals a high neonatal risk. The knowledge of this entity opens some diagnostic and therapeutic controversies. Current management protocols of preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes should be revised.

Corioamnionite: prevalência, fatores de risco e mortalidade neonatal / Chorioamnionitis: prevalence, risk factors and neonatal mortality

A corioamnionite é a inflamação aguda das membranas placentárias determinada por agentes bacterianos que causam aumento da morbimortalidade materna e perinatal. Objetivou-se determinar a prevalência, os fatores de risco e a mortalidade neonatal para corioamnionite em gestantes atendidas no Hospital Universitário de Maringá no ano de 1997. Foi um estudo transversal com os dados coletados do prontuário das pacientes. Utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher e risco relativo para verificar a diferença das médias. Foram observados nove casos de corioamnionite (1,8%) entre as 504 gestantes atendidas. Os fatores de risco associados foram a média de idade de 24,6 anos, raça branca e a baixa escolaridade. A presença de dinâmica uterina foi um importante sinal de infecção, além da taquicardia materna e febre. A corioamninite está associada à ocorrência de apresentação fetal pélvica/córmica, presença de líquido amniótico meconial/sanguinolento, baixo peso ao nascer e Apgar < 7, além do aumento na mortalidade neonatal.

Chorioamnionitis is the acute inflammation of fetal membranes caused by a bacterial infection, leading to premature births and the increase of maternal and neonatal morbimortality. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence, risk factors and neonatal mortality rates from chorioamnionitis in expectant mothers who were admitted to Maringá University Hospital in 1997. This cross-sectional study was performed using data collected medical records. Fisher?s exact risk test and relative risk were utilized to verify the differences in the averages. Nine cases of chorioamnionitis (1.8%) were observed among 504 pregnants. The risk factors associated were a mean age of 24.6 years, Caucasian ethnicity and low level of schooling. The presence of uterine activity was an important sign of infection, in addition to tachycardia and fever in the mother. Chorioamnionitis was associated to pelvic/transversal fetal presentation, meconial/sanguinous amniotic fluid, low birth weight and Apgar score < 7, besides higher perinatal morbimortality.

Resultado neonatal adverso en la rotura prematura de membranas de pretérmino según el modo del parto / Adverse neonatal outcome in patients with preterm PROM according to mode of delivery

Objetivo: Evaluar el resultado neonatal adverso según modo de parto en la rotura prematura de membranas de pretérmino (RPMPT). Métodos: Participaron 135 embarazadas entre 24 y 34 semanas de gestación con diagnóstico de rotura prematura de membranas. Se excluyeron pacientes en trabajo de parto y condiciones maternas y fetales severas que pudiesen alterar el resultado perinatal. Todas las embarazadas tuvieron evaluación microbiológica del líquido amniótico y cérvicovaginal, y recibieron antibióticos, corticoesteroides y manejo expectante hasta las 35 semanas. Se definió resultado neonatal adverso (RA) compuesto, la variable que incluyó morbilidad neonatal severa, secuelas o muerte neonatal. Se definió invasión microbiana de la cavidad amniótica (IMCA) por cultivo positivo del líquido amniótico. Funisitis se diagnosticó por la presencia de leucocitos polimorfonucleares en la pared de los vasos umbilicales o gelatina de Warthon. La cesárea se realizó por indicaciones obstétricas o por urgencias. Para el análisis se usó curva ROC y chi cuadrado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 116 pacientes. Modo del parto: vaginal 50,1 por ciento y cesárea 49,9 por ciento. La IMCA fue 52,6 por ciento y el RA 17,2 por ciento. El RA no dependió del modo del parto (vaginal 13,6 por ciento vs. cesárea 21,1 por ciento). La vía del parto no influyó en el RA de los subgrupos donde este resultado fue más frecuente: <1500 gramos de peso al nacer (vaginal 46,7 por ciento vs cesárea 47,4 por ciento) y <31 semanas de gestación al parto (vaginal 35 por ciento vs cesárea 35,5 por ciento). El RA se asoció con variables infecciosas: IMCA 24,6 por ciento, IMCA por S agalactiae 71,4 por ciento, corioamnionitis histológica 100 por ciento y funisitis 94,4 por ciento. Las 30 semanas de edad gestacional (Curva Roe) identificó al feto con mayor riesgo de resultado neonatal adverso según edad gestacional al parto. Conclusión: En la paciente con RPMPT manejada con antibióticos, corticosteroides y conducta expe...

Incidence of neonatal infection in newborn infants with a maternal history of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) for 18 hours or longer by using Phramongkutklao Hospital Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG).

BACKGROUND: Phramongkutklao CPG was developed for detecting infants with maternal PROM > or = 18 hours who had a high risk of infection. OBJECTIVE: To determine efficacy of the CPG, and risk factors of infection. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eligible infants were categorized into group I (symptomatic), group II (chorioamnionitis) or group III (asymptomatic). Infants in group I, II and those in group III who had scores > or = 3 were treated with antibiotics. Infants were followed-up until 28 days of age. RESULTS: 104 infants were recruited into the present study. 29 of 104 (27.88%) infants had infection. Risk factors were Apgar scores < or = 5, PROM > 72 hours, gestational age < 34 weeks, and low birth weight. The success rate of using CPG was 98.08% and antibiotic use was reduced by 53.08%. CONCLUSION: Phramongkutklao CPG on PROM is safe and cost saving. All risk factors should be included in the guideline.

La corioamnionitis como hallazgo histopatológico

La corioamnionitis es un hallazgo histológico frecuente. Sin embargo, el significado de este hallazgo no está bien aclarado, tanto desde el punto de vista histológico como clínico. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con el fin de describir las características generales de los casos con diagnóstico histopatológico de corioamnionitis encontrados en el Departamento de Patología del Instituto Materno Infantil y atendidos en esa institución durante el período de Junio 1 de 1994 a Mayo 31 de 1995. Se revisaron los antecedentes, hallazgos clínicos, mortalidad y hallazgos anatomopatológicos de los 104 casos revisados. La severidad de los hallazgos histológicos se relacionan con el antecedente de ruptura de membranas, el tiempo de esta y el diagnóstico clínico de corioamnionitis

Rotura prematura de membranas antes de la viabilidad fetal: resultados maternos y perinatales / Premature rupture of membranes before fetal viability: maternal and perinatal results

Objetivo: evaluar prospectivamente los resultados perinatales con un manejo expectante en rotura prematura de membranas (RPM) de segundo trimestre. Ingresaron 17 pacientes con RPM entre 18 y 26 semanas. Se analizan las complicaciones maternas y los resultados perinatales. La edad gestacional media al ingreso fue de 20+4 semanas. El período de latencia y la incidencia de corioamnionitis (18 por ciento) no fue diferente entre pacientes con y sin DIU. Se realizó amniocentesis con 92 por ciento de éxito. Hubo tres casos de infección intraamniótica asintomática (IIA); recibieron antibioticoterapia y no desarrollaron corioamnionitis. La edad gestacional media al parto fue de 24+5 semanas. En los casos con aumento del líquido amniótico en el segundo examen ecográfico, hubo una sobrevida neonatal significativamente mayor. La sobrevida perinatal fue de un 35 por ciento y de 50 por ciento la sobrevida intacta al año. La RPM del segundo trimestre puede manejarse expectamtemente considerando la amniocentesis y ecografía frecuente. Esto permite identificar precozmente la IIA y establecer el pronóstico perinatal